DrTristan Hotham

Research / Campaigns / Games / Art
Researcher of campaigns and platforms.Maker of other things.
About

I research campaigns, platforms and elections.

I'm a researcher with a PhD in how British political parties campaign on social media. This is where I publish my open research, with plain-English summaries on the blog. I now work in the civil service.

Expertise

Digital political campaigning, targeted advertising and A/B testing, social media platforms and platform data and researcher access to data. I use quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the black box of social media.

Background

My ESRC-funded PhD at the University of Bath analysed how UK parties used Facebook from 2010 to 2018, and introduced the idea of Janus-faced campaigning. Before becoming a civil servant I was a research consultant for Who Targets Me during the 2019 General Election, gave written evidence to Parliament on digital technology and democracy, and commented for broadcasters and the press. Since 2021 I have been a civil servant.

What this site is for

This is my personal website. It brings my research, writing, media appearances and videos together in one place, with longer pieces on the blog. It is also home to my other interests: browser games, art and photography, and music. Views here are my own.

Portrait of Dr Tristan Hotham, in black and white with red and blue constructivist shapes
Dr Tristan Hotham
49,551In my PhD IExtracted Facebook posts
1,481In my PhD IHand-coded posts
882In my PhD IApplied codes
GE2019At Who Targets MeCrowdsourced ad data
About me

A short introduction

If the player does not load, watch on YouTube ↗

Research

Inside the campaign machine

What do parties actually post, who do they reach, and what do platforms really change? Six ideas from my research. Select a card for the detail, plus links to the papers, posts and videos behind it.

New here? Start with these three

Evolution, not revolution

Facebook mostly recreates the traditional campaign, only louder.

Janus-faced campaigning

One party, different faces for different audiences.

Automated campaigning

Behind the curtain of the targeting machine.

Satellite campaigns

Adventurous campaigning without risking the brand.

Virtual members

A hidden army of followers, far larger than formal membership.

Researcher data access

You can't scrutinise what you can't see.

Janus-faced campaigning

GE2017: the best of both worlds
Watch

Research, on video

Explainers, talks and media appearances from my YouTube channel, on campaigns, platforms and the data behind them. Pick a video below to play it here.

If the player does not load, watch on YouTube ↗

I also make noise.

Tracks and sound projects, made for the fun of it. Turn it up, or don't. It has nothing to do with the research.

Path

Timeline

  1. 2016

    PhD, University of Bath

    An ESRC-funded doctorate on British parties' Facebook campaigns, after an LLB, an MA in Politics and an MRes.

  2. 2019

    Who Targets Me

    Research consultant during the General Election, analysing targeted political ads using crowdsourced data from volunteers.

  3. 2021

    Civil service

    Joined the civil service.

Research map

Where the research goes

Papers on this site, placed where their data comes from. Tap a marker to see the papers and open them. The papers on the UK as a whole circle Britain; Scotland, Wales and London have their own markers.

Map of Europe and the United States showing where each research paper's data comes from United States
Parties covered160 parties and 8 campaigns in 21 countries

Every party whose Facebook pages appear in the research, plus the campaigns studied in their own right. Colours show party family and a white dot marks parties the PopuList classes as populist. Tap a tile to see the papers about it, or search by name.

Party families follow ParlGov and populism follows the PopuList. Leader pages are listed under their party. The list holds party-level information only: no posts are shared.

Also, with a pencil

Art, photos & experiments.

When I'm not counting Facebook posts I make pictures: photography, graphic experiments, and the pixel art behind my games.

Publications

Papers & publications

Blog

Latest dispatches

Shorter, sharper thinking on platforms and campaigns, straight from my blog.

Media

Press coverage

My research has been reported in the press and discussed on air, and I have commented on platforms and politics for broadcasters.

See all coverage →

Coverage

Selected coverage

Plus broadcast and radio work with BBC World News, BBC World Service, BBC local radio, LBC and Channel 5 News.

Play

Games, made for fun

Small browser games, from neon tactics to art-gallery chaos. Free to play, no download.

Neon Protocol: Uprising: the Shin-Pacifica skyline under the Overmind's eye, with six of the game's generals▶ Play

Neon Protocol: Uprising

Shin-Pacifica, 2187. The AI built to save the planet has decided the answer is fewer people, and it is recycling the city sector by sector. Lead the Resistance, or play the machine and hear its case. Turn-based tactics and base building in a neon megacity. Version 0.3, playtested by a panel of AIs, with a trailer.

Gallery Gaffer gameplay▶ Play

Gallery Gaffer

The night shift, seven masterpieces and one roll of tape. Patch the damage, swat the moths and see off the pigeons, geese and soup-throwing protesters before closing time. A pixel-art arcade game for phone and desktop, with a trailer.

Other things I make

Art, music & more

Games, photography and music, plus every post on the blog.

Contact

Let's talk

To get in touch about my research, email me.

I can't take requests about my current civil service work. Views here are my own.

Short bio and citation

Short bio: Dr Tristan Hotham, researcher on social media, campaigns and politics. PhD, University of Bath. Independent researcher. Views are my own.

Cite this site: Hotham, T. (2026). Research by Dr Tristan Hotham. https://tristanhotham.com/research/